Zika
adalah penyakit virus yang menyerang manusia maupun hewan yang menyebabkan
demam, sakit kepala, lemas, kemerahan pada kulit badan, punggung dan kaki,
nyeri otot, nyeri sendi.dan konjungtivitis. Dari pustaka yang ada penyakit ini
sudah terdeteksi di Indonesia namun secara resmi belum diumumkan oleh
pemerintah.
English Version below
WHO,
Pebruari 2016: Demam Zika merupakan penyakit yang ditularkan oleh nyamuk yang
disebabkan oleh virus Zika, dengan gejala demam ringan, kemerahan kulit, sakit
kepala, nyeri sendi, nyeri otot, lemah, kemerahan mata tanpa belobok, terjadi 3
– 4 hari setelah gigitan nyamuk. Satu dari empat orang tidak menunjukkan gejala
sakit, tetapi kemudian menunjukan gejala ringan setelah dua - tujuh hari,
Gejalanya mirip dengan Dengue.
Jika
seorang wanita hamil terinfeksi virus Zika, maka ada kemungkinan bahwa dia bisa
menularkan virus ke janinnya. Diperkirakan bahwa Zika mungkin berhubuhan atas
lonjakan tiba-tiba dari microcephaly (Anak lahir cacat dengan kepala kecil) dan
gangguan lain terlihat di beberapa bayi baru lahir Brasil. Namun, tidak ada
bukti langsung bahwa virus Zika menyebabkan gangguan ini (Laura Geggel, 2016).
EPIDEMIOLOGI
Kejadian
Penyakit
Pada
tahun 1977 dan 1978 pasien di rumah sakit Tegalyoso Klaten Indonesia yang
sedang menderita demam akut dilakukan uji serologi terhadap infeksi alphavirus
dan Flavivirus. Catatan singkat sejarah klinis diambil dan catatan tanda tanda
dan gejala dilengkapi dalam pengakuan. Sera dari 30 pasien pada Fase akut dan
sembuh menunjukkan bahwa penyebabnya adalah flavivirus yang diuji dengan
Neutralizing antibodies yang mana flaviviurs tengah mewabah di asia tenggara. Gejala
klinis umum yang timbul pada pasien adalah demam tinggi, rasa tidak enak badan,
sakit perut, pusing dan tidak ada nafsu makan (Olson JG, Ksiazek TG, Suhandiman, Triwibowo,
1981).
Kasus
Zika positif telah ditemukan di Indonesia, dalam penelitian diketahui bahwa
virus telah beredar di negara “dalam
waktu yang singkat”. The Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology menyampaikan
bahwa seorang lelaki berumur 27 tahun yang tinggal di provinsi Jambi pulau
sumatera yang tidak pernah melakukan perjalanan telah dinyatakan terinfeksi.
Dia mendapatkan kasus ini ketika mempelajari out break Dengue (DB /Demam
Berdarah) di provinsi itu. Ketika peneliti mendapati specimen yang menunjukkan
gejala penyakit dengue (DB /Demam Berdarah) yaitu adanya bintik kemerahan dan
demam tetapi ketika dilakukan pengujian laboratorium hasilnya negative Dengue.
Menurut deputi director Institute, Sudoyo dari 103 spesimen yang negative
Dengue, kami dapatkan positif Zika. Spesimen diambil sejak terjadi wabah Dengue
di Jambi Desember 2014 – Apil 2015 (News.com.au. “2016).
Antara
8 dan 16 oktober 2015, National IHR Focal Points Brazil dan Colombia
menotifikasi kasus infeksi Zika. Brazil: Pada bulam Mei 2015 otoritas kesehatan
Brasil mengonfirmasikan penularan asli virus ZIka timur laut negara. Pada 8
oktober kasus Zika telah terdeteksi di 14 negara bagian, Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará,
Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de
Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, and São Paulo. Pemerintahan pusat maupun
negara bagian telah melakukan tindakan termasuk diantaranya pengembangan dan
diseminasi protokol sentinel untuk surveillance, pengembangan dan validasi
protokol untuk surveillance gejala syaraf, and kontrol activitas vektornya. Colombia,
16 Oktober, 9 sampel terkonfirmasi infeksi virus Zika, 98 sampel dari Bolívar
department (13 dari Cartagena and 85 dari Turbaco). Itulah kasus pertama infeksi
virus Zika terdeteksi di negara (WHO, 2016)
Negara
yang terinfeksi virus Zika 9 bulan terakhir: Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Cabo
Verde, Colombia, Curacao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French
Guiana, Guadeloupe (France), Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique
(France), Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint Martin (France),
Suriname, Thailand, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (US), Fiji, Maldives, New
Caledonia (France), Samoa, Solomon Islands (CDC, 2016).
Hospes
/Inang
Virus
pertama kali diisolasi pada April tahun 1947 dari seekor monyet rhesus makaka
yang ditempatkan di sebuah kandang di hutan Zika Negara Uganda, dekat danau
Viktoria, oleh seorang ahli dari lembaga riset penyakit Yellow Fever. Isolasi
kedua dari Nyamuk A africanus pada tempat yang sama pada Januari 1948. Ketika
monyet mendapat demam, peneliti mengisolasi dari serum agen penularan yang
pertama tergambarkan sebagai Zika virus pada tahun 1953. Pada tahun 1968,
terisolasi pertama dari manusia di Nigeria, sejak 1951 sampai 1981, petunjuk
infeksi pada manusia telah dilaporkan dari negara negara Afrka lainnya seperti Central
African Republic, Egypt /Yunani, Gabon, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Uganda,
demikian juga sebagian Asia termasuk India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Thailand, and Vietnam.
Pada
April 1947, Demam terjadi pada Monyet yang ditempatkan dikandang di atas pohon
di balkon di hutan Zika Uganda. Monyet Rhesus 766 adalah hewan sentinel di
lembaga Rockefeller Foundation’s program riset yellow fever di hutan. Dua hari
kemudian Rhesus 766, tetap demam, kemudian serumnya diinokulasikan pada tikus,
setelah 10 hari tikus yang telah diinokulasi dalam cerebralnya sakit dan agen
penularnya dinamakan virus Zika, yang telah diisolasi dari otak tikus. Oleh
karena itu dapat dikatakan bahwa manusia dan monyet adalah hospes virus Zika.
Penularan
1.
Virus Zika ditularkan terutama melalui gigitan nyamuk Aedes species yang
terinfeksi. Ini adalah nyamuk yang sama dengan yang menularkan virus Dengue
(Demam Berdarah /DB) dan Chikungunya: Nyamuk bertelur di dalam air pada ember,
gayung, tempat minum hewan, pot bunga dan vas bunga. Mereka lebih suka
menggigit orang, dan hidup di dalam maupun diluar ruangan dekat orang (Nyamuk
nyamuk yang menyebarkan Chikungunya, dengue dan Zika adalah yang agresif
menggigit sepanjang waktu. Mereka juga bisa menggigit pada malam hari); Nyamuk
menjadi terinfeksi ketika mereka makan
darah orang yang sudah terinfeksi virus. Nyamuk yang terinfeksi ini dapat
menyebarkan virus pada orang melalui gigitan.
2. Penularan
jarang terjadi pada ibu ke anaknya: Seorang ibu yang telah terinfeksi virus
Zika waktunya menyebarkan virus ke bayi adalah pada sekitar saat melahirkan,
tetapi ini jarang terjadi; paling mungkin virus zika dapat di tularkan dari ibu
selama hamil. Model penularaan ini masih dalam penelitian. Saat ini tidak ada
laporan seorang anak terinfeksi saat menyusui. Mengingat mafaat dari menyusui,
ibu ibu semestinya digalakkan menyusui bahkan di kawasan di mana Zika virus
ditemukan.
3.
Penularan melalui darah terinfeksi atau kontak seksual: Penyebaran virus
melalui tranfusi darah dan kontak seksual pernah dilaporkan.
Sumber
Penyakit
Darah
/serum terinfeksi
ETIOLOGI
Klasifikasi
Agen Penyebab Penyakit
Virus
Zika tergolong family Flaviviridae, genus Flafivirus. Virus Zika adalah beramplop,
berbentuk ikoosahedral dan tidak bersegmen, stran tunggal,genom RNA.
Ketahanan
Terhadap Tantangan Fisik Dan Kimia
1.
Suhu: Virus Zika mati pada suhu diatas 60 derajat Celsius.
2.
Desinfektan: Virus Zika virus mati oleh potassium permanganate, ether, tetapi
tidak efektif mati dengan ethanol 10%.
DIAGNOSA
Gejala
Gejala
klinis:
Gejala
yang ditimbulkan oleh infeksi virus Zika adalah: Demam ringan (suhu antara 37.8°C
and 38.5°C); nyeri sendi, sendi tangan, sendi kaki dan pembengkakan sendi; neri
otot; sakit kepala, mata kemerahan /konjungtivitis; bintik bintik kemerahan pada kulit; pada saat
setelah infeksi sering terjadi kelemahan. Pada banyak gejala lain ditemukan
adanya gejala sakit perut (nyeri lambung, diare, susah berak), membran mukosa
terjadi ulcerasi dan pruritus.
Virus
Zika menimbulkan sakit ringan, namun infeksi Zika dengan gejala bintik
kemerahan kulit menimbulkan kebingungan dengan beberapa penyakit yang penting
seperti Campak dan Dengue /Demam berdarah, ini adalah penyakit yang lebih
serius untuk secepatnya diatasi. Diagnosa Zika berdasar pada gejala, sejarah
perjalanan yang dilakukan dan dengan diagnose banding terhadap penyakit mirip
yang lebih serius diantaranya adalah campak, dengue dan rubella.
Lesi:
Konjungtivitis
(Kemerahan pada mata /radang konjungtiva mata) dan bintik bintik kemerahan pada
kulit.
Diagnosa
Banding
Yellow
fever /Demam kuning; Dengue /Demam Berdarah (DB); West Nile; Chikungunya and
Japanese encephalitis viruses.
Diagnosa
Laboratorium
Sampel:
Serum
/darah segar
Tes
/Uji Serologi:
IgM,
IgG dan PCR untuk pengujian terhadap virus Zika, serum darah akut (yang diambil
pada saat 5 hari gejala timbul) dan serum konvalesen (2 – 3 minggu kemudian)
dapat diambil. Dua sampel ini penting untuk meniadakan positip palsu dengan
reaksi silang dengan virus yang mirip seperti Dengue.
PENCEGAHAN
DAN PENANGGULANGAN
Pencegahan
Dengan Sanitasi
Cegah
penyakit virus Zika dengan menghindari gigitan nyamuk (Cara dibawah). Nyamuk
yang menyebarkan virus Zika bisa menggigit sepanjang hari. Nyamuk yang
menyebarkan virus Zika juga menyebarka virus Dengue dan virus Chikungunya.
Perlindungan
terhadap gigitan nyamuk:
-Gunakan
AC atau kawat nyamuk untuk mencegah nyamuk masuk. Bila tidak ada proteksi
terhadap nyamuk dirumah maupun di hotel tempat menginap sebaiknya tidur dengan
kelambu (jaring nyamuk).
-Musnahkan
diluar rumah atau dilingkungan dengan cara mengosongkan air dari wadah maupun
apapun yang bisa menyimpan air seperti pot bunga, ember kaleng bekas dll.
-ketika
cuaca buruk pakai baju lengan panjang dan celana panjang.
-Gunakan
pemusnah nyamuk.
Pencegahan
Dan Pengobatan Secara Medis
-Tidak
ada Vaksin yang dapat dipakai dalam pencegahan penyakit Zika, pengobatan juga
belum ada.
-Obati
gejalanya: Usahakan istirahat yang cukup; minum air untuk mengatasi dehidrasi;
Minum obat seperti acetaminophen untuk meringankan demam dan rasa sakit; Jangan
mengunakan aspirin dan obat non steroid anti inflamasi (NSAIDs) seperti
ibuprofen dan naproxen. Aspirin dan NSAIDs harus dihindari sampai Dengue dapat
dikesampingkan untuk mengurangi resiko hemoragi (perdarahan). Harus dilakukan
banyak pertimbangan untuk memakai obatan pada kondisi ini.
-Jika
terkena penyakit Zika, hindari gigitan nyamuk untuk minggu pertama dari rasa
sakit: Sejak minggu pertama infeksi virus Zika dapat ditemukan di dalam darah
menular dari satu orang ke orang lain melalui gigitan nyamuk; Seekor nyamuk
kemudian dapat menyebarkan virus pada orang lain.
DAFTAR
PUSTAKA
Ari
F. Syam, Dr., Sp.Pd. Pengamat Kesehatan,
Staf Pengajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia -
Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo (FKUI RSCM) Twitter : @DokterAri.” Senin, 25
Januari 2016 | 11:06 WIB´. “Waspadai Virus Zika Berjangkit di Indonesia”
Kompas.com. http://health.kompas.com /read/2016/01/25/110600623 /Waspadai. Virus.Zika.Berjangkit.di.Indonesia.
CDC, 2016. “Zika Virus Infection”. This website is part of European
Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) 2005 – 2016. Web: http://ecdc.europa.eu/en/healthtopics /zika_virus_infection/Pages/index.aspx
CDC, 2016. “Transmission”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC). USA Gov. 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30329-4027 USA. 800-CDC-INFO
(800-232-4636), TTY: 888-232-6348. Website: http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/
Edward
B. Hayes. 2009. “Zika Virus Outside Africa”. Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention. 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta, GA 30329-4027 USA. 800-CDC-INFO
(800-232-4636). Web: http://wwwnc.cdc.gov /eid/article/15/9/09-0442_article
Laura
Geggel, 2016. “Zika Virus FAQs: Top Questions Answered”. Livescience. Web:
http://www.livescience.com/53523-zika-virus-question-and-answer.html
New
Zealand Government, 2016. “Zika Virus”. Ministry of Health – Manatū Hauora. New
Zealand Government. 29 januari 2016. Website:
http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/diseases-and-conditions/zika-virus
News.com.au. “2016. Zika virus found in Indonesia: researchers”. Web:
http://www.news.com.au /lifestyle/health /zika-virus-found-in-indonesia-researchers/news-story/028f907a00395c6083c85f5bfbe9a2ec
Olson JG, Ksiazek TG, Suhandiman, Triwibowo. 1981. ” Zika virus, a cause
of fever in Central Java, Indonesia. National Center for Biotechnology
Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda
MD, 20894 USA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov /pubmed/6275577
WHO 2016. “Emergencies preparedness, response. Zika virus infection –
Brazil and Colombia. Disease Outbreak News”. Web: http://www.who.int /csr/don/21-october-2015-zika/en/
Wikipedia, 2016. “Zika virus”. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Website: https://en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Zika_virus
***Penulis:
drh. Giyono Trisnadi
English Version
ZIKA
VIRUS, IN INDONESIAN, SYMTOMS, PREVENTION AND CONTROL
Zika
is a viral disease that infect to human also animals, and causing symptoms such as fever, rash, joint pain or
conjunctivitis (red eyes). Other common symptoms include muscle pain, headache
and deaths are rare. From news and literature Indonesia have intected by Zika
Virus but the Government have not published.
WHO,
February 2016. Zika fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease caused by Zika
virus, consisting of mild fever, rash (mostly maculo-papular), headaches,
arthralgia, myalgia, asthenia, and non-purulent conjunctivitis, occurring about
three to twelve days after the mosquito vector bite. One out of four people may
not develop symptoms, but in those who are affected the disease is usually mild
with symptoms that can last between two and seven days. Its clinical
manifestation is often similar to dengue, also a mosquito-borne illness (WHO,
2016).
If a
pregnant woman is infected with Zika virus, there is a chance that she could
pass the virus on to her fetus. It's thought that Zika may be wholly or
partially responsible for the sudden spike of microcephaly and other disorders
seen in some Brazilian newborns. However, there is no direct evidence that Zika
causes these disorders (Laura Geggel, 2016).
EPIDEMIOLOGY
Occurence
In
1977 and 1978 selected in-patients at the Tegalyoso Hospital, Klaten, Indonesia
who had recent onsets of acute fever were serologically studied for evidence
for alphavirus and flavivirus infections. A brief clinical history was taken
and a check list of signs and symptoms was completed on admission. Acute and
convalescent phase sera from 30 patients who showed evidence that a flavivirus
had caused their illnesses were tested for neutralizing antibodies to several
flaviviruses which occur in South-east Asia. Paired sera from seven patients
demonstrated a fourfold rise in antibody titre from acute to convalescent
phase. The most common clinical manifestations observed in this series of
patients included high fever, malaise, stomach ache, dizziness and anorexia.
None of the seven patients had headache or rash despite the fact that headache
and rash had been associated with two of the three previously studied. (Olson
JG, Ksiazek TG, Suhandiman, Triwibowo, 1981).
A
positive case of Zika has been found in Indonesia, with researchers saying the
virus has been circulating in the country “for a while”. The Eijkman Institute
for Molecular Biology said a 27-year-old man living in Jambi province on
Sumatra island who had never travelled overseas had been found to be infected. It
said it stumbled on the case while studying a dengue outbreak in the province. Researchers
set aside specimens which produced dengue symptoms such as rashes and fever but
which tested negative for dengue, and researched them further. “Out of the 103
(dengue-negative) specimens that we checked, we found one positive for Zika,”
the institute’s deputy director, Herawati Sudoyo. The specimens were taken
during a dengue outbreak in Jambi between December 2014 and April 2015. (News.com.au. “2016).
Between
8 October and 16 October 2015, the National IHR Focal Points of Brazil and
Colombia notified PAHO/WHO of cases of Zika virus infection. Brazil, In May
2015, the public health authorities of Brazil confirmed autochthonous
transmission of Zika virus in the northeastern part of the country. As of 8
October, autochthonous cases of Zika virus had been detected in 14 states:
Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Paraná, Paraíba,
Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande do Norte, Roraima, and São Paulo.
Public health measures implemented by national and state authorities include
the development and dissemination of sentinel protocol for Zika virus
surveillance, development and validation of protocol for surveillance of
neurological syndromes, and vector control activities.
Colombia,
As of 16 October, 9 samples were laboratory-confirmed as Zika virus infections
out of 98 samples from the Bolívar department (13 from Cartagena and 85 from
Turbaco). These are the first cases of Zika virus infection detected in the
country.
Country
affected Zika in the past 9 months: Barbados,
Bolivia, Brazil, Cabo Verde, Colombia, Curacao, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El
Salvador, French Guiana, Guadeloupe (France), Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras,
Martinique (France), Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Saint
Martin (France), Suriname, Thailand, Venezuela, Virgin Islands (US), Fiji, Maldives,
New Caledonia (France), Samoa, Solomon Islands (CDC, 2016).
Hosts
The
virus was first isolated in April 1947 from a rhesus macaque monkey that had
been placed in a cage in the Zika Forest of Uganda, near Lake Victoria, by the
scientists of the Yellow Fever Research Institute. A second isolation from the mosquito
A. africanus followed at the same site in January 1948. When the monkey
developed a fever, researchers isolated from its serum a transmissible agent
that was first described as Zika virus in 1952. In 1968, it was isolated for
the first time from humans in Nigeria. From 1951 through 1981, evidence of
human infection was reported from other African countries such as the Central
African Republic, Egypt, Gabon, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, and Uganda, as well as
in parts of Asia including India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines,
Thailand, and Vietnam.
On
April 18, 1947, fever developed in a rhesus monkey that had been placed in a
cage on a tree platform in the Zika Forest of Uganda (3). The monkey, Rhesus
766, was a sentinel animal in the Rockefeller Foundation’s program for research
on jungle yellow fever. Two days later, Rhesus 766, still febrile, was brought
to the Foundation’s laboratory at Entebbe and its serum was inoculated into
mice. After 10 days all mice that were inoculated intracerebrally were sick,
and a filterable transmissible agent, later named Zika virus, was isolated from
the mouse brains. Therefore it can be said that is Human and monkey are hosts of zika
virus.
Transmission
1.
Zika virus is transmitted to people primarily through the bite of an infected
Aedes species mosquito. These are the same mosquitoes that spread dengue and
chikungunya viruses: These mosquitoes typically lay eggs in and near standing
water in things like buckets, bowls, animal dishes, flower pots and vases. They prefer to bite people, and live indoors
and outdoors near people (Mosquitoes that spread chikungunya, dengue, and Zika
are aggressive daytime biters. They can also bite at night); Mosquitoes become
infected when they feed on a person already infected with the virus. Infected
mosquitoes can then spread the virus to other people through bites.
2. Rarely,
from mother to child: A mother already infected with Zika virus near the time
of delivery can pass on the virus to her newborn around the time of birth, but
this is rare; It is possible that Zika virus could be passed from mother to
fetus during pregnancy. This mode of transmission is being investigated; To
date, there are no reports of infants getting Zika virus through breastfeeding.
Because of the benefits of breastfeeding, mothers are encouraged to breastfeed
even in areas where Zika virus is found.
3.
Through
infected blood or sexual contact: Spread of the virus through blood transfusion
and sexual contact have been reported.
Sources
of agent
Infected
blood /serum
AETIOLOGY
Classification
Of The Causative Agent
Zika
virus (ZIKV) is a member of the virus family Flaviviridae and the genus
Flavivirus, Zika virus is enveloped and icosahedral and has a nonsegmented,
single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome.
Resistance
To Physical And Chemical Action
1. Temperature:
Zika virus is killed by temperatures >60°C.
2. Disinfectants:
Zika virus is killed by potassium permanganate, ether, but it is not
effectively neutralized with 10% ethanol.
DIAGNOSIS
Signs
Clinical
signs:
Symptoms
of Zika virus infection: low-grade fever (between 37.8°C and 38.5°C); arthralgia, notably of small joints
of hands and feet, with possible swollen joints; myalgia; headache,
retro-ocular headaches; conjunctivitis; cutaneous maculopapular rash; post-infection asthenia which seems to
be frequent; More rarely observed symptoms include digestive problems
(abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation), mucous membrane ulcerations
(aphthae), and pruritus.
Zika
virus infection causes a mild disease (with the possible exception in pregnant
women, as discussed below) and, other than notification, no particular action
is required. However, as Zika infection
may cause a rash that could be confused with more serious diseases such as
measles or dengue, these more serious diseases do need to be ruled out.
Diagnosis of Zika will first and foremost be by exclusion, based on symptoms,
travel history and exclusion of more serious diseases including measles,
rubella and dengue.
Lesions:
Conjunctivitis;
cutaneous maculopapular rash.
Differential
Diagnosis
Yellow
fever; Dengue; West Nile; Chikungunya and Japanese encephalitis viruses.
Laboratory
Diagnosis
Samples:
Serum
atau darah segar.
Serological
Tests:
IgM,
IgG and PCR for Zika virus, acute serum (taken within 5 days of symptom onset)
and convalescent serum (2–3 weeks later) should be taken. The two samples are
important to rule out false positive tests due to cross reactivity with similar
viruses such as Dengue.
PREVENTION
AND CONTROL
Sanitary
Prophylaxis
Prevent
Zika by avoiding mosquito bites (see below). Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus
bite mostly during the daytime. Mosquitoes that spread Zika virus also spread
dengue and chikungunya viruses.
Protect
from Mosquito Bites:
-Use
air conditioning or window/door screens to keep mosquitoes outside. If you are
not able to protect yourself from mosquitoes inside your home or hotel, sleep
under a mosquito bed net.
-Help
reduce the number of mosquitoes outside your home or hotel room by emptying
standing water from containers such as flowerpots or buckets.
-When
weather permits, wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants.
-Use
insect repellents.
Medical
Prophylaxis
-No
vaccine or medications are available to prevent or treat Zika infections.
-Treat
the symptoms: Get plenty of rest; Drink fluids to prevent dehydration; Take
medicine such as acetaminophen to relieve fever and pain; Do not take aspirin
and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen and
naproxen. Aspirin and NSAIDs should be avoided until dengue can be ruled out to
reduce the risk of hemorrhage (bleeding). If you are taking medicine for
another medical condition, talk to your healthcare provider before taking
additional medication.
-If
you have Zika, prevent mosquito bites for the first week of your illness: During the first week of infection, Zika virus
can be found in the blood and passed from an infected person to another mosquito
through mosquito bites; An infected mosquito can then spread the virus to other
people.
******